A Diagnostic Study of Mid-tropospheric Development
نویسنده
چکیده
An equation for vertical vc.locity is app1ic.d to data from 850, 500, and 200 mb. for calc~~lationa of vertical velocity and divergcsnce in special cases characterizcad by prononnccid fnilurca of barotropic forecasts. The results of the calculations show t,hat a norl-davclopmc,nt situation was sdequatrly described by the equivalent-barotropic picture of a single quasi-horizontal surface of rlorl-divc.rg~.llcc.. The ot1sr.t of mid-tropospheric development, as shown by the appearance of large errors of t,hc harotropic forecast, vas rllaractcrizrd by the appearance of a dollble surface of non-divergcnce, with a deep mid-tropospheric convcrge~~ce layr in thr vicinity of th r trough linfk. This picture of d r ~ ~ ~ l o p r n e n t is confirmed by a second case study. The appearance of the mid-tropospheric convcrgerlcc lavrr is related to the 1ou"levc~l cold push, thr tilt of the flow patterns with height, and the high-level j r t stream, co~~fir~llirlg synoptic studies by J. J. George, H. Riehl, and
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